Hydraulic machine



Nov. 3, 1942. A. YOUNG 7 2,300,721

HYDRAULIC MACHINE Filed May 9, 1941 e Sheets-Sheet 1 I 4' (a (Ittorneg n v 3 R 2 l a 2 ..2 4 u 5 4 l a 4 H e ww /M 32. a a 9.. e m M 8 67 3 3 v A as 5 8 J s B 3 0 .2 a m i \l a 4 7 l j a 3 4 3 7. 7 O a I. W .4 7 8 i 32% wi B m 2 \\\\\\&Q\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 3 v '1' Q 2 w M fl Nov. 3, 1942. A. YOUNG 2,300,721

HYDRAULIC MACHINE I Filed May 9, 1941 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 3nnentor v ARTHUR YOUNG W (Ittomeg Q Filed May 9, 1941 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Enontor ARTHUR Y UNG (Ittomg Npv. 3, 1942. A. YOUNG 2,300,721

I HYDRAULIC MACHINE v Filed May 9, 1941 e sheets sheet 4 g ZSnnentor Nov. 3, 1942. A. YOUNG 2,300,721

' HYDRAULIC MACHINE Filed May 9, 1941 4 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 ARTHUR- YOUNG Gttomeg inventor:

Nov. 3, 1942. A. YOUNG 2,300,721

aYnRAfiLIc MAC-HINE Filed May 9, 1941 6 Sheets-Sheet '6 on N 0 N rwentor ARTHUR YOUNG Gttorneg F'ig is Patented Nov. 3, 1942 T OFFICE m HYDRAULIC MACHINE Arthur Young, York, Pa., assignor to S. Morgan Smith Company, York, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application May 9, 1941, Serial No. 392,630

3 Claims.

This invention relates to hydraulic machines of the type wherein the blades of the runner are adjustable to vary their angle and the area of the water opening.

An object of the invention is to provide an improved adjustable blade runner for hydraulic machines and the like in which the hub of the runner is constructed of two sections divided with the joint between the two parts thereof at the axial center line of the runner blade trunnions.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved adjustable blade runner in which the trunnions of the runner blades are formed with an enlarged crank arm flange intermediate their length, which flange is adapted to be disposed between shoulders formed respectively on the inner and outer trunnion bearings of the runner hub so as to prevent shifting movement of the runner blades with respect to the runner hub.

Another object of, the invention is to provide an improved runner for hydraulic machines having a diffuser formed with a bearing for rotatably supporting the runner hub, with means for lubricating the parts at the joint between the runner hub and the diffuser bearing.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved adjustable blade runner having a hollow hub for rotatably' supporting the trunnions of the runner blades in which the mechanism within the runner hub for actuating the runner blades is so constructed as not to require a lubricant, and in which means are provided for enabling foreign matter and the like tobe flushed from the hub.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved adjustable blade runner for pumps of the type adapted to be used in the manufacture of paper and paper stock for the purpose of pumping the pulp or the liquid paper stock from one part of a paper mill to another, which is simple in construction, reliable and efiicient in its operation, and in which the runner blade operating mechanism is so constructed as to operate without the use of lubricating oils or other lubricants.

With the foregoing and other objects and advantages in view, the invention consists in the construction and arrangement of the several parts which will be hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure l is a vertical longitudinal section of a runner for a pump embodying the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken approximately on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical section taken on the line 33 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the bottom section of the runner hub;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary vertical section taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4, showing the manner of fastening the two sections of the hub together;

Fig. 6 is an inverted plan View of the upper section of the runner hub;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary vertical section taken on the line 1-1 of Fig. 4, showing the two sections of the hub assembled; and

Fig. 8 is an enlarged vertical section of the lower part of the runner hub and the upper portion of the diffuser.

The invention is shown in connection with an improved hydraulic machine in the nature of a pump adapted to be used in the paper making industry for pumping pulp through a conduit connecting one part of paper making apparatus with another part of the paper making apparatus. Since the present invention relates only to the runner of the pump and associated parts, only such parts are herein shown and described. It will be understood, however, that the invention is applicable to; other types of impellers and runners.

Referring to the drawings, the improved runner H is adapted to be installed in a conduit consisting of the three tubular sections I2, I3 and I4, shown in Fig. 1.

The intermediate section I3 of the conduit is I formed at its upper end with a flange I5 by which said section I3 is adapted to be detachably connected to the flanged end I6 of the inlet section I 2 of the conduit, by bolts I1, and the lower end of the section I3 is formed with a flange 20 by which said section I3 is adapted to be detachab ly connected to the flanged end 2| of the section I4 of the conduit, by bolts 22.

In the present instance the apparatus is adapted to function as a pump for pumping fluid through the conduit in the direction of the ar-' rows, Fig. 1, the section I4 thus functioning as a discharge tube.

The runner I I is disposed in the upper portion of the conduit section I3 and directly beneath runner said conduit section is formed with a the series of vanes 23 for the purpose of straightening the fluid delivered by the runner to the discharge tube I4.

The vanes 23 extend from the outer wall of the conduit I3, inwardly. to a hub 24 adapted to support the lower end of the runner in the manner to be hereinafter described.

The runner II has a two-piece hollow hub body including an upper section 30 and a lower section 3|, said runner hub being divided with the joint between the two parts thereof at the axial center line of the runner blade trunnions.

At the joint between the two members 30 and 3| of the runner hub, the lower section 3| is formed with a peripheral recess 32 for receiving a depending flange 33 of the upper section 30. The construction is such that a step-joint is formed around the outer periphery of the two parts of the hub at the point of greatest diameter, said step-joint being adapted to prevent lateral shifting of the half sections, as well as to seal the joint between the two hub sections, when the top or upper member 36 is mounted on the bottom or lower member 3|.

- Adjacent to the portions 32 and 33, the hub sections 3| and 30 are, respectively, formed with plane surfaces l8 and I9 (see Figs. 4, 5 and 6). The surfaces |8 and I9 are finished or planed smooth so as to provide a tight joint between the two parts of the runner hub.-

Projecting downwardly from the bottom section 3| of the runner hub and concentrically disposed therewith, is a cylindrical member 34 which constitutes a trunnion for the runner The hub 24 is formed with a cavity 35 in which is mounted a bushing 36 which constitutes a bearing for supporting the trunnion 34.

The bushing 36 rests on a flange 31 formed in the hub 24, said flange being so constructed as to provide an opening 38 of slightly greater diameter than the diameter of the trunnion 34.

The portion of the hub 24 extending downwardly from the flange 31 is formed with a conical wall'39 which terminates some distance below the lower edges of the vanes 23.

The conical portion 39, together with the vanes 23, constitutes a diffuser. The hub 24 has a streamlined contour and the chamber 49 within said hub is made accessible through an opening 4| in the bottom thereof, which opening is normally closed by a screw plug 42.

The hub of the runner is bolted or otherwise fixed to the lower end of a hollow runner shaft 45.

A suitable number of blades 46 are rotatably supported in the hub of the runner and project radially therefrom. In the present instance three blades are shown (Fig. 2).

The inner end of each blade is formed with a trunnion 41 which is journalled in bearings formed in the hub of the runner in the manner to be hereinafter more fully described.

Each runner blade 46 has aflange 48 which is disposed in a recess 49, 59 formed in the periphery of the two sections 30, 3|, respectively, of the runner hub, as shown in Figs. 1, 2! and 3.

Each trunnion 41 comprises a portion indicated by reference numeral 41 which is disposed in the bearings 52, 53 formed in the two sections 39, 3|, respectively, of the runner hub, adjacent to the recesses 49, 56, and each blade trunnion also comprises a portion 54 which is disposed in the bearings 55, 56 formed in the two sections 39, 3|, respectively of the runner hub.

THe bearings 55 are formed in a boss 51 disposed in the central portion of the top half 3|! of the runner hub, and the bearings 56 are formed in a boss 58 disposed in the central portion of the lower half 3| of the runner hub.

As shown in Fig. 6, the boss 51 is formed integral with the body of the upper hub section 3|], being connected to the outer peripheral wall of said hub section by a plurality of webs 63.

On the other hand, as shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 8, the boss 58 is formed integral with the bottom of the lower hub section 3| and projects upwardly therefrom.

The adjoining faces of the bosses 51 and 58 are planed smooth so as to form a line contact therebetween, as shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 7.

The bearings 52 are formed in the outer peripheral part of the top half 36 of the runner mediate the portions 41 and 54 thereof, is a flanged member 64 having an arm 65 projecting laterally therefrom. The arm 65 constitutes a crank by which the runner blade is turned on its axis.

As shown in Figs. 2 and. 3, the portion 64 of each arm 65 has a width corresponding substantially to the space between the shoulders 59, 60 and 6|, 62, respectively. The construction is such that the trunnions 41 are free to rotate in their bearings, but the flanges-64 will prevent outward movement of the blades with respect to the hub of the runner resulting from centrifugal forces produced by the rotation of the runner, as will be understood.

Each runner blade 46 is adapted to be formed integral with its trunnion 41 and the arm 65, consequently when the runner is being constructe ed it is necessary to mount the trunnions in the lower half 3| of the hub with the crank arms 65 disposed in the space between the shoulders of the outer and inner trunnion bearings and to connect the crank arms with the operating mechanism therefor before the top half 30 of the runner hub is mounted on the lower half 3| of the runner hub.

The manner of constructing the runner in two parts, divided with the joint between the upper and lower sections at the axial center line of the trunnions of the runner blades, and the manner of constructing the runner blades and their trunnions of one piece, provides a device more simple and inexpensive to manufacture than have been the structural features which heretofore have been embodied in runners of the adjustable blade type.

The boss 51 is formed with an opening 66, and the boss 58 is formed with an opening 61.

The openings 66 and 61 are arranged concentric with the vertical axis of the runner, and the opening 61 extends downwardly to the bot-- tom of the trunnion 34. The lower end of the opening 61 is normally closed by means of a screw plug 68, as shown in Figs. 1' and 8.

Means are provided for simultaneously rotating all of the runner blades 46 and for maintaining them in equal angular relationship, such means comprising links 1| which pivotally connect the crank arms 65 with a cross head 12.

One end of each link 1| is formed with an opening [4 by which. the. link is pivotally connected to a stud I5 formed on the crank arm 65, and the other end of each link is formed with an opening I6 by which the link. is pivotally connected to a pin I'I mounted in the cross head I2.

As shown in Fig. 2, each link II is disposed in a substantially vertical position in the space between the face of the crank arm 65 and the face formed in the notched portion I8 of-the cross head I2. Consequently, with the links disposed in such a manner it is not necessary to provide the studs I5 and the pins IT with heads.

Each pin 11 is retained in position in the cross head I2 by a set screw I9 (Fig.2).

As shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the cross head I2 is mounted on a rod I3, which extends upwardly through an opening-5i in the top of the runner hub and into the hollow shaft 45. The upper end of the rod I3 is adapted to be. connected to suitable mechanism (not shown) adapted to move the rod rectilinearly when it is desired to change the position of the runner blades 46.

Below the cross head I2, the rod I3 is disposed in the alined openings 66 and 61, said alined openings constituting means for guiding the rod I3 when said rod is reciprocated in a direction axially of the runner.

The lower portion of the rod I3 which is mounted in the openings 66 and 61 may be pro-- vided with a bushing 83, as shown in Fig. 1, so as to reduce wear on the parts to a minimum.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, in order to limit turning movement of the cross head I2 with respect to the runner hub I I said cross head is formed with a tongue or lug 84 which is disposed in a slot 85 formed in the upper section 36 of the runner hub. It will be noted that the cross head I2 is disposed in the upper part of the runner hub and that the slot 85 is disposed adjacent to the junction of the runner hub with its operating shaft 45.

Since the upper end of the runnerhub has a diameter only slightly less than the maximum diameter of the hub, the shaft 45 is formed, .at its lower end, with a flange 86 having a diameter corresponding substantially to the diameter of the upper end portion of the runner hub. This flanged end 86 of the shaft 45 thus provides means for closing the upper open end 5| of the runner hub, and said flange is secured to the runner hub by bolts 81.

The diameter of the opening or central bore 88 of the shaft 45 is slightly greater than the diameter of the rod I3 and in order to seal the joint between the rod I3 and the hollow shaft 45 at the upper end of the runner hub, a suitable packing ring 89 is mounted on the lower end of said shaft, as shown in Fig. 1.

In order to prevent undue wear of the portion of the rod I3 which contacts the packing ring 89, a portion of said rod immediately above the cross head I2 is provided with a bushing 99.

As shown in Fig. 5, the two sections 30 and 31 of the runner hub are adapted to be secured together by bolts 80 which are mounted in openings BI and 82 formed in said sections, respectively. The bolts 80 are, as shown, located at each side of the runner blade trunnions 41.

It will be understood that the relative positions of the blades 46 govern the area'of the water passages or openings between the blades, and that when the blades are rotated, the area of the water passages is increased or decreased depending upon the direction in which the blades are moved.

By referring to Fig. 2. it will be. noted that. the inner portions 9.1 and 92' of. the blades on each side of the trunnions 41' arev spaced 2. considerable distance from the outer peripheral wall of the runner hub.- Also, by referrin'gitot Fig. 1, it will be noted that. the outer peripheral edges 93 of the blades 46 are likewise spaced a considerable distance from the wall of the conduit I3. The" reason for constructing the parts inv this manner is to prevent particles of pulp from lodging in the joints between the. inner edges of the blades 46 and the runner hub. and the. outer edges of. said runner blades and the conduit. The spaces between the blades and the hub and the conduit wall. have sufficient area to permit particles of pulp in the'fluid to pass freely therethrough during the operation of the runner.

As shown best in Fig. 8, for the. purpose of providing'means for introducing a lubricating fluid into the joint between the trunnion 34 and the bushing 36, the bushing 36 is formed near the lower end thereof with an annular groove 25. Also formed vertically in the bushing 35' is a plurality of grooves or slots 26. The lower end or bottom 43 of the runner hub II is spaced a suitable distance above the top of the hub 24 and the upper inner peripheral edge of the bushing 36 is beveled, as indicated at 44, so as to provide a flared mouth through which the lubricating fluid can easily flow in the manner to be hereinafter referred to.

When the apparatus herein shown and described is used in the manufacture of paper for the purpose of pumping the pulp or the liquid paper stock from onepart of the paper mill to another, since it is necessary to keep all foreign matter from the paper stock during the pumping operation, the only lubricant permissible that can be used for lubricating the runner and its associated parts, is clear water.

Accordingly, in order to introduce clear water to the bearing 36, a passage 21 is formed in one of the vanes 23, said passage extending from the groove 25 outwardly to the wall of the conduit I3.

The outer end of the passage 21 is threaded for the reception of the threaded end 28 of a pipe or hose 29. It will be understood that thepipe or hose 29 leads from a suitable source of supply of clear water under suitable pressure.

During the operation of the runner the water is supplied through the passage 21 to the groove 25 in a continuous stream and this water, after the chamber 40 is filled, flows upwardly through the grooves 26 in the direction of the arrows, Fig. 8, and thence flows outwardly beneath the bottom 43 of the runner I l and then downwardly through the spaces between the vanes 23. It will be understood that the pressure of the water thus supplied to the bushing 36 is greater than the pressure of the fluid which flows through the conduit I3 as the result of the operation of the runner I l. Consequently, since the water flows outwardly from the upper part of the bushing 36, the clear water will prevent the pulp and paper stock particles from collecting in the joint between the bottom 43 of the runner hub and the top of the diffuser hub 24.

The parts within the hollow hub of the runner I I are adapted to be operated without any lubricant when the runner is employed for pumping paper stock fluid, etc. In manufacturing the runner, the joints between the trunnions 41 and their bearings and the joint between the two sec-' tions 30 and 3| of the hub aremadeas nearly fluid tight as it is possible to construct them and at the same time permit free rotation of the blade trunnions. However, should some of the paper stock fluid enter the hollow hub, means have been provided for flushing out the runner hub so as to remove any foreign matter without the necessity of dismantling the entire apparatus or disassembling the runner.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, an opening 94 is formed in the upper section 30 of the runner hub ne the top thereof. This opening 94 is norma y closed by a screw threaded plug 95.

1%ie bottom of the lower hub section 3| is connec ed with the opening orbore 61 by means of a plurality of openings 96. The openingsQB are arranged in the manner'shown in Figs. 4 and 8.

When it is desired to flush out the hub of the runner, the conduit sections l3 and [4 are detached from the conduit section l2, so as to make the plug 68 readily accessible.

After the plug 68 is removed, a hose leading from a supply of clear water under suitable pressure is next inserted in the opening 94 and the water is permitted to flush out the interior of the runner hub until all foreign matteris removed therefrom. This flushing water will pas from the bottom of the'runner hub through the openings 96 and 91.

' In this way the runner hub can be cleaned out in a short period of time and with a minimum eflfort on the part of the operator.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. In a hydraulic machine, a conduit having a diffuser mounted therein in spaced relation to the wall of the conduit and connected to the conduit wall by a plurality of vanes, an opening formed on the longitudinal center line of said diffuser and having an inwardly projecting flange, a liner mounted in said diffuser opening and resting on. said flange, a closed chamber formed in said difiuser below said bushing, a runner disposed in said conduit in axial alinement W'th said diffuser, a cylindrical extension formed (km the hub of said runner and rotatably mounts in said diffuser bushing, the hub of the runner adjacent to said diffuser being disposed in spaced relation to the adjacent end portion of said diffuser, grooves formed in said bushing through which a lubricating fluid for the cylindrical extension of said runner can flow longitudinally of the bushing towards the space between the hub of the runner and the adjacent end portion of said diffuser, and means for connecting said lubricating grooves with a source of supply of lubricating fluid exteriorly of the conduit.

2. A runner comprising a hollow hub, a boss formed in the interior of the hub and disposed on the longitudinal center line thereof, a plurality of blades, each blade having a trunnion rotatably mounted in spaced bearings formed in the outer peripheral wall portion and said central boss portion, respectively, of the hub, a vertical bore formed in said boss on the longitudinal center line of the runner hub, a rod mounted for rectilineal movement in said vertical bore, a cross head mounted on said rod in spaced relation above said boss, a crank arm formed on each blade trunnion intermediate said outer and said inner bearings, a link pivotally connected to said cross head and to said crank arm for transmitting movements of said cross head to said trunnions to turn the runner blades, a notch formed vertically in said hub, and a tongue formed vertically on said cross head and mounted in said notch for guiding said cross head.

3. In a hydraulic machine, a'runner comprising a hollow hub body, runner blades, each blade having a trunnion rotatably mounted in said hub, mechanism within the hollow portion of the hub and operatively connected to said trunnions for actuating the trunnions to turn the runner blades, said mechanism including a vertically disposed reciprocable rod, a solid depending portion formed as an extension of said hub below the hollow portion thereof, a bore formed in' said depending portion along thevertical center line of said hub for receiving the lower end of said rod, said bore extending downwardly to a point below the lowest position of the lower end of said rod during operation of said mechanism, a passage extending at an angle from the bottom of the hollow portion of said hub body to a point in said bore below the lowest position of the lower end of said rod; a screw plug for closing the lower end of said bore, and an opening formed inthe upper portion of the hub and normally closed by a screw plug,- said upper opening providing means by which cleansing fluid can be introduced into the hub for the purpose of flushing foreign matter therefrom in the manner specified when the upper screw plug is removed, the cleansing fluid being adapted to drain from the hub through said angular passage and said bore when the lower screw plug is removed.

ARTHUR YOUNG. 

